A Combination of Plyometric and Push-Up Training Based on Video Analysis of Volleyball Smashes
Aftoni Milky Bustomi, Haryo Mukti Widodo, Heni Yuli Handayani, Agus Himawan, Septyaningrum Putri Purwoto, Fatih Hazar · COMPETITOR Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga · 2026
The volleyball smash is a decisive attacking skill that depends on the interaction of lower-limb explosive power, upper-body strength, neuromuscular coordination, and efficient movement mechanics. Training programs that simultaneously address these physical and technical components may therefore provide greater benefits than isolated conditioning approaches. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combined plyometric and push-up training program on volleyball smash performance and to examine technical characteristics of the movement through video-based analysis. A quantitative quasi-experimental approach using a one-group pretest–posttest
Design: was employed. Fifteen athletes from PBV Kemuning Bangkalan were selected through purposive sampling and completed a four-week intervention performed three times per week. Smash performance was assessed before and after the intervention, while movement execution was evaluated using the Kinovea video-analysis application. Descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and a paired-samples t-test were used to analyze the data. The mean smash score increased from 21.00 ± 1.69 at pretest to 28.47 ± 2.33 at posttest, representing an improvement of 7.47 points or 35.57%. The paired-samples t-test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between measurements, t(14) = 38.909, p < .001. Video analysis additionally indicated favorable technical characteristics following the intervention, including improved aerial stability, fuller arm swing, better intersegmental coordination, and advantageous ball-contact positioning. These
Findings: suggest that combining plyometric and push-up training can effectively improve volleyball smash performance while video analysis provides useful complementary information for evaluating movement quality. The intervention may therefore serve as a practical training alternative for volleyball coaches seeking to integrate physical conditioning with technical assessment.