Peculiarities of adaptation of the endocrine system of athletes to various types of physical exercises

Statement of the Problem. The intense physical exertion experienced by athletes in elite sports significantly affects the endocrine system, triggering a cascade of hormonal responses that enable the body to adapt to exercise-induced stress. The relevance of this study stems from the need to systematize current data on hormonal responses depending on the predominant energy supply type in a given sport, which would enable the development of more precise recommendations for monitoring athletes’ functional status and adjusting the training process. Research

Objective: . To analyze and systematize current scientific data on the characteristics of basal and post-exercise concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, and vitamin 25(OH)D in athletes of various specializations, taking into account the predominant energy supply type.

Methods: . Theoretical analysis and synthesis of data from current scientific literature and scientific publications in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Research

Results: . Current data on hormonal responses to various types of physical exercise were analyzed. The presented data confirm that hormonal adaptation in athletes is specific depending on the type of exercise and the dominant energy supply type. The data obtained are important for developing standardized protocols for hormone monitoring and refining training programs for athletes, taking into account the specific characteristics of the endocrine system’s adaptive changes. The

results of the analysis indicate the need for further research and consideration of a number of factors that may influence hormone levels: the specifics of the sport and energy supply type, as well as the athlete’s individual characteristics.