The Effect of Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density in the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck in Postmenopausal Women - literature review.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the skeletal system characterised by reduced bone strength and an increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency accelerates bone loss. Resistance training provides mechanical stimuli that may help maintain or increase bone mineral density (BMD).

Materials and methods: A narrative review of randomized controlled trials, intervention studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was conducted. The analysis focused on changes in BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), particularly at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, considering training intensity, frequency, duration, and progression.

Aim: of the study: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on BMD in postmenopausal women and assess the influence of training characteristics on its effectiveness.

Conclusions: Resistance training may increase BMD or attenuate its decline in postmenopausal women. The most consistent effects were observed at the lumbar spine, while

Findings: for the femoral neck were more heterogeneous. Higher intensity and progressive loading may provide a stronger osteogenic stimulus, although no single optimal protocol has been established. Further research is needed to determine optimal training parameters and their impact on fracture risk.