Functional outcomes and rehabilitation behaviors following ankle sprain in amateur padel players: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in racket sports; however, data on its prevalence, risk factors, and functional impact among amateur padel players remain limited. To determine the prevalence and clinical profile of ankle sprain injuries, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate the relationship between preventive behaviors and functional outcomes among amateur padel players in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 187 amateur padel players. Data on demographics, playing exposure, injury characteristics, and preventive behaviors were collected. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). Parametric statistical analyses, including independent-samples t -tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multivariable logistic regression, were performed.

Results: The prevalence of ankle sprain was 14.97% (95% CI: 10.30–20.80). Injuries were predominantly right-sided (60.71%) and commonly caused by landing (57.14%), with most classified as moderate (46.43%). Functional limitation was reported by 75.00%, and recurrent sprains occurred in 42.86%. Mean FADI score was 86.12 ± 8.74. Playing experience ≥1 year (aOR = 3.18, p = 0.021) and frequency ≥2 sessions/week (aOR = 2.88, p = 0.026) were independent predictors of injury. Preventive behaviors were not associated with injury risk but were significantly associated with higher FADI scores, particularly balance and strengthening exercises (Δ = 8.20, p = 0.008).

Conclusion: Ankle sprains are common among amateur padel players and are associated with persistent functional impairment. Playing exposure was the primary factor associated with injury risk, while preventive behaviors play a significant role in improving functional recovery.