Assessing Sprint Mechanical Outputs Derived from LPS, Radar and Laser Technologies in Basketball.

Sprint mechanical profiling is widely used in team sports, yet the agreement between field-based measurement systems in indoor environments remains unclear. This study compared sprint mechanical outputs derived from a Kinexon local positioning system (LPS), radar, and laser during maximal indoor basketball sprints and examined their inter-system agreement and inter-trial reliability. Twenty-two elite youth basketball players performed maximal 28 m linear sprints recorded simultaneously using the three technologies. Sprint kinematics were modeled using a mono-exponential approach applied to the native signals provided by each system to derive theoretical maximal velocity (S 0 ), theoretical maximal acceleration (A 0 ), and acceleration time constant (Tau). Inter-system agreement was assessed using mean bias and 95% limits of agreement, while inter-trial reliability was evaluated using coefficients of variation (CV), change in the mean, and standard error of measurement. Radar and laser showed close agreement for S 0 (bias = -0.07 ± 0.17 m·s -1 ; relative error = 0.89%), whereas LPS systematically overestimated S 0 , with relative systematic errors of 5.26-6.49%. Acceleration-related parameters exhibited larger inter-system discrepancies, with relative errors up to 3.92% for A 0 and 10.55% for Tau. Inter-trial reliability was high across all systems (CV 0 and 3.7-4.7% for A 0 and Tau). These

Findings: indicate that sprint mechanical outputs should not be used interchangeably across technologies, particularly for acceleration-related variables, although all systems remain suitable for within-system longitudinal monitoring in applied basketball settings.